Actual 2024 AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/2H Paper 2 Higher Tier Question Paper + Mark Scheme Exams University of Nairobi Biology 68 pages 2024/2025 (15) Actual 2024 AQA GCSE BIOLOGY 8461/1H Paper 1 Higher Tier Question Paper + Mark Schem
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2. (a)(i) the concentrated sucrose solution in X has a lower water potential / osmotic potential / solute potential than the water in flask A (1) / solution in X has a higher osmotic pressure than the water in flask A water from flask A moved into X by osmosis (...
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Evolution of course also takes place at higher levels of organization than substitutions within protein-coding genes. In particular, large genomic segments containing one or more genes can be duplicated or deleted, and segments can be 'horizontally transfered', i.e. taken from one organism's geno...
Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are an important tool for describing the dynamics of biological systems. However, for ODE models to be useful, their parameters must first be calibrated. Parameter estimation, that is, finding parameter values given
Extracting motifs from sequences is a mainstay of bioinformatics. We look at the problem of mining structured motifs, which allow variable length gaps between simple motif components. We propose an efficient algorithm, called EXMOTIF, that given some seq
2009 CONTENTS Chemistry higher level paper 1 specimen paper Chemistry higher level paper 1 specimen markscheme Chemistry higher level paper 2 specimen paper Chemistry higher level paper 2 specimen markscheme Chemistry higher level paper 3 specimen paper Chemistry higher level paper 3 specimen markscheme...
Mij=dij−2/(φ−1)∑l=1kdil−2/(φ−1) Here,φis a 'fuzziness' parameter that determines the level of competition between clusters for the same gene (asφapproaches 1, it becomes a hard partition with each gene being assigned to the single best cluster, while higher values ofφ...
(0th order Markov Model) have been applied for describing the RBS sequence motif (ex. MED-Start [22]). In this paper, we also used a zeroth-order Markov model, while, in addition, we explored higher-order Markov models. To describe the motif sequences by a 1st-order Markov model, ...