The world is confronting a level of suffering unlike any we have experienced for many decades. The World Bank estimates that the COVID-19 pandemic will push as many as 150 million people into extreme poverty worldwide. Closer to home, nearly 6% of Americans are currently out of work, and ...
This newly introduced ordered-graph system lends itself to geometrical interpretation in a way that cellular automata did not, and it is mainly these geometrical interpretations that provide an entry point into analogy with physical law. Wolfram claims that "From an extremely simple model, we're ab...
banning large sodas from New York, programs in schools to promote healthy eating, doctors chewing people out when they gain weight, the profusion of gyms and Weight Watchers programs, and let’s not forget a level of stigma against obese people so strong that I amconstantlyhaving...
too, do plants themselves. Organisms from both the plant and animal kingdoms leave behind material to feed such decomposers as bacteria and fungi, which, along with detritivores, are critical to the functioning of food webs (see entry). Detritivores, of which earthworms are a ...