Biological rhythm, periodic biological fluctuation in an organism that corresponds to, and is in response to, periodic environmental change. Examples of such change include cyclical variations in the relative position of Earth to the Sun and to the Moon
precipitate, or perpetuate LLD. This process likely begins in adulthood, as midlife cerebrovascular burden predicts increased depression severity over time [148]. The neuroradiological manifestation of “vascular depression” includes white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted MRI, subcortical lacun...
The inclusion of sex as a biological variable in research is absolutely essential for improving our understanding of disease mechanisms contributing to risk and resilience. Studies focusing on examining sex differences have demonstrated across many level
30,31,32], differences that cannot be solely attributed to sex differences in peripheral insulin sensitivity [30]. Because there are established links between β cell dysfunction and T2D in rodent models and humans [49,50,51
Our algorithmic understanding of vision has been revolutionized by a reverse engineering paradigm that involves building artificial systems that perform the same tasks as biological systems. Here, we extend this paradigm to social behavior. We embodied a
Biology: Biological organisms vary in how they behave, with plants or fungi basically spreading out to where they can reach resources, while animals also have more complex forces pushing them to behave in various manners like running or knuckle-walking aw...
Melanin is a dark biological pigment (biochrome) occurring in the skin, hair, feathers, scales, eyes, and some internal membranes of humans and other animals. It is formed as an end product during metabolism of the amino acid tyrosine.
This graph contains many examples of “fitness-neutral sets”—rules that have the same fitness and that can be transformed into each other by mutations. A few examples of such fitness-neutral sets: In the first case here, the “morphology of the phenotypic ...
Furthermore, whereas introgression of Neanderthal genetic information facilitated the adaptation of modern humans related to multiple phenotypes (for example, metabolism, pigmentation and neuronal development), Denisovan introgression was primarily beneficial for immune-related functions. Finally, we report ...
Certainly, evidence in humans also suggests a strong correlation between fetal testosterone levels and steroidogenic activity with neurodevelopmental disease risk and adult cognitive and behavioral stress reactivity, supporting the importance of the processes involved in establishing the sexually dimorphic Sex ...