Another writer (Hilgenfeld) has attempted a distinct definition of the three stadia of this development. It is difficult to discover in the actual history the regularity of departure and return implied in such a figure, and yet we may derive from it a correct notion of the general direction....
was founded by Ptolemy Soter, in the city of Alexandria, in Egypt. Even in the time of its first manager, Demetrius Phalereus, a banished Athenian, the number of volumes or rolls already amounted to 50,000; and during its most flourishing period, under the direction of Zenodotus, Aristarc...
Elaine Pagels received her Ph.D. from Harvard in 1970, then began to teach at Barnard College in that same year. At Barnard, she became the head of the religion department in 1974. In 1979 her book based on her work with the Nag Hammadi scrolls,The Gnostic Gospels, sold 400,000 copies...
⇒Definition of know(3.) It frequently signifies to have ascertained by experiment (Ge 22:12). (4.) It implies discovery, detection; by the law is the knowledge of sin (Ro 3:20). Natural knowledge is acquired by the senses, by sight, hearing, feeling, etc.; by reflection; by the...
Both in the East and the West the great doctrinal conflict of the early Christians was against the assaults of Gnosticism. The Gnostic idea that man, by his very creation, is sinful; and that he has no freedom of will, was keenly opposed by them. They strenuously affirmed, on the ...
2:7), and of their common Aramaic idiom. That this Dispersion was not without an influence on the development of the Zoroastrian religion (comp. Spiegel, intr. to Zendavesta), which in its turn again influenced Judaism (and, at a later stage, Gnosticism), can hardly be doubted; at the...
⇒Definition of jehovahHence many recent writers have followed the opinion of those who think that the word in question was originally pronounced יהוָֹה, Yahvoh', corresponding to the Greek Ι᾿αώ. But this view, as well as that which maintains the correctness of the ...
, brought in by the Gnostic distinction between the supreme God and the Desmiurge. SEE GNOSTICISM. (3.) Opposed to both these was the philosophical mode of conceiving God, including the idea of immateriality, proved negatively, e.g. Minucius Felix: Hic nec videri potest — visu clarior ...
Very little notice was taken of fasting by the writers of the first centuries, which may be accounted for from the discouraging influence of the doctrines of Montanus, the tenets of the new Platonic school, and the progress of Gnosticism. Hence it seems that the observance of fasts was ...
In all this we see the remote elements of Gnosticism (q.v.). In the Egyptian therefore, as in the Indian system, the world of matter, whether real or phantasmal, emanates from and is, in fact, one with the Deity. The antagonism of the Egyptian theogony became a dualistic system in ...