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Related Fields: In mid-20th-century psychology, behaviorists were influenced by positivism and believed that psychology should only study directly observable and measurable behaviors. For example, B.F. Skinner argued that psychology...
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斯金纳BurrhusFrederic Skinner 伯尔赫斯·弗雷德里克·斯金纳〔1904—1990〕,美国心理学家,他认为心理学所关心的是可以观察到的外表的行为,而不是行为的内部机制。他认为科学必须在自然科学的范围内进展研究,其任务就是要确定实验者控制的刺激继之而来有机体反响之间的函数关系。当然他不仅考虑到一个刺激与一个反响之间的...
In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his first “teaching machine”, which let...
2.Key Theories and Theorists:Discuss some of the most influential theories in psychology and the theorists behind them.For example,you could explore Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory,Carl Jungs analytical psychology,B.F.Skinners behaviorism,or Jean Piagets theories on cognitive development.3....
A. An information processing theory of some effects of similarity, familiarization, and meaning- fulness in verbal learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Ver- bal Behavior, 1964, 3, 385-396. SKINNER, B. F. About behaviorism. New York: Vintage, 1976. SKINNER, B. F. Reflections on ...
paired with shock and controls for whom it was noveL Almost everybody believes that if a stimulus is paired with shock, it will become aversive, so that its termination can be used to reinforce any operant response in S's repertoire (Miller, 1948; Mowrer & Lamoreaux, 1946; Skinner, 1953...
iii.InteractionalView Languageisacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.---Learnersneedtoknow:•thegrammarandvocabulary;•therulesforusingthegram.andvoc.invariouscommunicativecontexts.Differencesofthe3views •Structuralview:Learnersneedtoknowstructuralrulesandvocabulary....
(2021·北京·北师大实验中学三模)In 1953, when visiting his daughter’s maths class, the Harvard psychologist B.F. Skinner found every pupil learning the same topic in the same way at the same speed. Later, he built his ...