Best Practices for Surrogate Based Uncertainty Quantification in Aerodynamics and Application to Robust Shape OptimizationThis chapter introduces the use of aerodynamic shape optimization applied to industrial problems, motivates the use of a robust approach over the classical deterministic optimization, and ...
Whatever they are, they are not the right size and shape 7 flying. It’s not easy to prove this because feathers are so weak that they usually rot (腐烂) away without a trace (踪迹). 8 , the fossils showed a lot of details (细节). For the study of the relationship between birds...
It’s the classic aerodynamic shape, but the tail adds a lot of weight without much structural benefit, so the frames tended to be heavy. The extended profile could also make for tricky handling in crosswinds. That’s changed now, with the realisation that a truncated aerofoil (or Kammtail...
The outstanding aerodynamics make a significant contribution to low energy consumption and resultant long range. In addition to the optimised basic shape of the vehicle developed while remaining true to the Porsche design DNA, air curtains and Porsche Active Aerodynamics (PAA) are important special fea...
I am a monster in the heat, and shorts make me want to go slightly less crazy during the hottest summer runs. The liners are also highly wicking, though I’ve been known to cut out the brief-style liners for even more breathability. These are some of the lightest shorts I’ve worn...
It boasts large vents up front for ventilation, a rounded rear shape for aero, no matter the head position, and a leather strap that aids comfort. It's more of an all-rounder, and it's a good one, but it didn't shine in any of our recent tests. Kask Utopia Y View at ...
The best feature here is the size of the frisbee. If you’re looking for something huge, it’s perfect. But don’t let its size fool you – it’s built with a great Morrison Slope, it holds a flat shape perfectly in the air, and the bigger rim gives you lots of leverage for lon...
The S-Bend shape of the aluminium extensions might not be at the cutting edge of aero nowadays. But it’s tried and tested, and easier for beginners to handle than something like a deep J-bend. 220 Triathlon verdict No frills clip-ons that do the job, but could do with more adjustabi...
External width does play a part in terms of aerodynamics, but given the variety of tyre widths that are possible to run on a single rim, it's hard to offer specific aero benefits without also quoting a specific setup. As for deep-section wheels, the aero obsession from the road has yet...
The design of the Echelon EX-5S Bike is quite comfortable. I love the ergonomic shape of the handlebars. The straight bar portion of the bullhorn handlebars is flattened, which feels nice to grip or rest your arms on while using the aero bars. The saddle is pretty comfortable, so you do...