local coordinate system (1 2 3) of the fiber tow; subscripts t and c denote ultimate values in tension and compression; the over-bar denotes average value over certain area; E and G denote Young’s modulus and shear modulus; I denotes failure function; δ denotes critical damage length, ...
Another shortcoming of the presence of the web openings in the beams is the increase in the susceptibility of RC beams to reinforcement corrosion due to the increase in the exposed surfaces of the beams to outside environment. An effective solution for the reinforcement corrosion is the adoption ...
The DB4 wavelet basis function was used in these experiments to perform a five-layer wave decomposition of individual behavioral features. This study calculated the moving average of the approximation coefficients of low-frequency waves and the detail coefficients of high-frequency waves to analyze ...
20(a). Displacement-controlled indentation test was conducted with the maximum depth limit of 1000 nm and the average value of curve flat section (750–900 nm) was taken as the hardness of each measured point. It is clear from Fig. 20(a) that FQZ gives the lowest hardness and the...
The evolution of adaptive behavior often requires changes in sensory systems. However, rapid adaptive changes in sensory traits can adversely affect other fitness-related behaviors. In the German cockroach, a gustatory polymorphism, ‘glucose-aversion (G
The standard provides formulas for calculating the average spring stiffness of a tooth. These are based on material properties such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio as well as geometric parameters such as normal modulus, number of teeth and pressure angle. The ISO approach contains ...
The within-subject (trial-by-trial) fit can be assessed with the distribution of balanced accuracy across participants. Balanced accuracy is the average of prediction accuracy calculated separately for the two types of choices (now or later). d Temporal discount rates for reward (kR), effort (...
Costs can be characterized as long or short run. a) Explain and show graphically the difference between short run costs and long run costs. b) Explain the reason for the shapes of the long run average What is the best possible way of understanding the relationship between ...
but this effect has been reflected in the parameter fitting of the ignition term in the reaction rate equation. Ensuring that there is no alumina in the Al/PTFE material is difficult and would lead to high economic costs and reduced material practicality. Therefore, the influence of the alumina...
Describes the corrosion behavior of a metal surface when the surface reactivity is very low (oxidation current <1μAcm−2, as a general rule of thumb) due to the presence of a blocking film grown from cations of the metal itself in combination with anions (e.g., OH− or S2−) de...