According to their life cycle, they can be divided into monoxenous (with a single host) and dixenous (with two hosts). The vast majority of mon- oxenous trypanosomatids, which are the predominant type, are restricted to insects, especially Diptera and Heteroptera but also Siphonaptera, ...
Bee venom (BV) represents a promising natural alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly significant given its broad-spectrum antimicrobial acti
3Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK and 4School of Environment and Life Sciences, The University of Salford, Manchester, UK Treatment of emerging RNA viruses is hampered by the high mutation and replication rates that enable these viruses to opera...
body color, longevity, life history, and behavior1,2. In social insects, especially social Hymenoptera, females express different phenotypes with diverse reproductive potential on the basis of various cues including
Sarpanam vagvayasam ksudrasarispasya ca caturthi vyavaharika-ityaitihasikah TheJaiminiya-Upanishad-Brahmana (1.40.1)deals with the four levels of speech in a little more detail. In a verse that is almost identical to the one appearing inRig-Veda Samhita – 1.164.45,it mentions that the...
Quantification was replicated twice, and variation between duplicates was <1 cycle. The viral load of 191, 142 and 44 samples of bees were determined in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. 2.3. Statistical analysis We used the Kaplan-Meier method with Log-rank test to analyze variation in...
Each cycle of queens into the mating nucleus colonies must be supplied with an adequate number of adult drones that are at least 12 days old to assure that they are sexually mature. 2) Drone source colonies should be treated for Varroa just before drone rearing begins or during drone rearing...
huntii. However, due to the complex life cycle of bumble bees, it is possible that not all the relevant genes are expressed in a single caste or life stage. To identify a fuller spectrum of genes expressed in B. huntii, messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from eggs, early instar larvae...
Accessed 1 Mar 2023. McKenzie SK, Kronauer DJC. The genomic architecture and molecular evolution of ant odorant receptors. Genome Res. 2018;28(11):1757–65. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Beadle K, Singh KS, Troczka BJ, Randall E, Zaworra M, Zimmer CT, et al. Genomic ...
Matteson KC, Langellotto GA (2009) Bumble bee abundance in New York City community gardens: Implications for urban agriculture. Cities Environ 2:1–12. McKelvey KS, Pearson DE (2001) Population estimation with sparse data: the role of estimators versus indices revisited. Can J Zool 79:1754...