During the charging phase, lithium ions are pushed out from the lithium metal oxide (LiMO) and are absorbed by the carbon anode (LiC6); the vice versa occurs in the discharging phase. The first phase is called “Intercalation” while the second is named “De-Intercalation” [9]. The Elect...
𝑃𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥PBmax for each of them where 𝑃𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥PBmax is the EV charging power controlled by the EV’s battery management system (BMS). In the SECP model, four types of EV were considered, which were a Nissan Leaf 24 kWh, Nissan Leaf 30 kWh, BMWi3 33 kWh, and ...
𝑃𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥PBmax for each of them where 𝑃𝐵𝑚𝑎𝑥PBmax is the EV charging power controlled by the EV’s battery management system (BMS). In the SECP model, four types of EV were considered, which were a Nissan Leaf 24 kWh, Nissan Leaf 30 kWh, BMWi3 33 kWh, and ...