Acknowledgments: The work was supported by BK 21 plus. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Energies 2018, 11, 1122 14 of 15 References 1. Hannan, M.; Azidin, F.; Mohamed, A. Hybrid electric vehicles and their challenges: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy...
By using second-order ECM plus an EKF and Equation (5), the approach presented in [7] can estimate the SoC and shows that it does not rely on the initial SoC and is immune to parameter errors. The approach displayed in [77] uses the second-order ECM presented in [7] to obtain the...