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This chapter lays a foundation that allows to rigorously describe non-deterministic processes and to reason about non-deterministic quantities. The mathematical framework is given by probability theory, whose objects of interest are random quantities, their description and properties....
Lecture-1-Probabilities-Basics(概率基础知识)
Ito, K.: Probability Theory, vols. I, II, III. Iwanami, Tokyo (1976–1978) (in Japanese) Khrennikov, A.: Interpretations of Probability. Frontiers in Probability Theory. De Gruyter, Berlin (1999) Kolmogorov, A.N.: Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, Erg. Mat., 1933. Springe...
Different loss priorities define at what level of queue saturation (in percentage) the probability of dropping traffic will be. By default, all of the loss priorities have the default drop priority, but you can set your own as well (in fact you will need to; otherwise, it won’t have ...
statistical and mathematical basicsstatistical approaches, in phylogenetic trees' evaluationlikelihood, Bayesian phylogenetic methodsconditional probability, in systematics via Bayesstatistical inference, “correct” parameter, and high probabilityBayesian, prior distributions, paralleling, of probability itself...
Lesions were also classified by defining their probability of malignancy (morpho-dynamic index; 0%鈥 100%) by the CAD system. Imaging results were correlated with histopathology as gold standard. Results: The CAD system coded 49 of 51 lesions with gadoteric acid and gadobutrol (detection rate, ...
A probability density function (PDF) explains which values are likely to appear in a data-generating process at any given time or for any given draw. A cumulative distribution function (CDF) instead depicts how these marginal probabilities add up, ultimately reaching 100% (or 1.0) of possible ...
This method requires that there be a reasonable probability of completing an HDQ communication without an interrupt. Using UART Interface to HDQ An implementation option for HDQ is to use an UART. An advantage to using the UART is that if the UART is handling the communication and storing ...
so it is difficult to detect and jam • Resistant to noise and interference thus increasing the probability that the signal will be received correctly • Unlikely to interfere with other signals even if they are transmitted on the same frequency • 2 types of Spread Spectrum common in ISM...