The Haber-Weiss reaction occurs in two steps, the second step is known as the Fenton reaction. Moreover, high levels of irons (3) and (2) are related to an increase in oxidative stress and, eventually, to massive cell death. Other oxygen-derived free radicals are the peroxyl radicals (...
with asymptomatic cardiotoxicity being considered [50]. Again, the different criteria used to determine the presence of asymptomatic AC has a great impact on the reported incidence. In a cohort of 2625 patients treated with anthracyclines, with a mean follow...
Interest in these enzymes increased significantly after the discovery of Steeg et al. [5], which showed that NME1 is able to suppress one or more steps in the metastatic cascade. Therefore, NME1 was appointed the first of many (more than 30) metastasis suppressor genes/proteins discovered in...
In the remaining portion of the TCA cycle, succinate is oxidized to oxaloacetate with the generation of one FAD(2H) and one NADH. The net reaction of the TCA cycle, which is the sum of the equations for individual steps, shows that two carbons of the acetyl group have been entered the ...
Glycogen accumulation is mostly associated with enzyme defects in glycogenolysis and in the first stage of glycolysis. Since the original report of phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency in 1981, no newly recognized glycolytic defects have been presented. Glycolytic steps for which no enzyme deficiency has ...
Examination of each of the early steps of ciliogenesis revealed that TMEM135 ablation specifically impaired the trafficking of the small GTPase Rab8 to the centrioles, where it is activated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabin8. As a result, the recruitment of intraflagellar transport ...
(T2DM), hypertension, and aging. Here, we review the evidence for a combined role of coronary (micro)vascular dysfunction and lymphatic vessel alterations in mediating key pathological steps in HFpEF, including reduced cardiac perfusion, chronic low-grade inflammation, and myocardial oedema, and ...
As an aid to understanding the methodology of radiopharmaceutical production in practice, the steps involved in the synthesis of [18F]FDG are described below in greater detail. Radionuclide production. [18F]fluoride is produced in the cyclotron in the no-carrier-added (nca) state. The nca [18F...
mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most common method for short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) given their volatility in biological samples [25], but it is also used for many non-volatile metabolites, such as sugar and derivatives, amino acids and derivatives following chemical derivation steps [26]...
Bacteria and mitochondria share homologous proteins for the key steps in oxidative phosphorylation (Fig. 19-2), but the machinery in mitochondria is usually more complex. Thus, bacteria are useful model systems with which to study the common mechanisms. Plasma membranes of bacteria and inner membran...