By 2025, over 90% of women reaching State Pension age are projected to be entitled to a full basic State Pension, around the same proportion as men. 到2025年,超过90%达到国家养老金年龄的女性预计将可享有全额国家基本养老金,其比例与男性大略相同。 UN-2 On the one hand, we observe that...
A century later, Henry George, an American economist active after the Civil War, called for "notaxesand a pension for everybody" via a public land fund. He was influenced by Paine and cited Sioux chiefs' astonishment at visiting East Coast cities to witness "little children at work."8 The...
the most articulated version of the idea was given by the economist Robert R. Schultz in 1952.Footnote32In his dissertation, Shultz argued that the post-war welfare state and its ‘categorical relief’ had become an ‘oppressive administration’, ‘often highly inequitable and inadequate for the ...
A batch of lifelong unmarried childless elderly "older persons with no pension" and will add to the National Social Security burden. All these phenomena are contrary to the basic requirements for building the socialist spiritual civilization, will necessarily hamper social progress, affect social ha ...
And the maintenance of the UBI will need to be similarly demanding: the existence and level of the income will have to be protected from electoral and political whims, both to avoid merely exchang- ing employer domination for state domination, and in order to give workers the credible threat ...
It is archetypal because it includes features of pension-like funds and fiduciary trusts simultaneously. In it, a fiduciary trust is charged with protecting the integrity of the atmosphere (or one nation’s share of it) for future generations. It auctions a declining quantity ...
3.1. Institutional Characteristics of the Basic Old-Age Pension System in City X Under the guidance of document No. 26 issued by the State Council in 1997, City X established basic old-age social insurance for urban employees to replace the traditional urban retirement system. The newly construct...
In 1996 the Democratic President Bill Clinton finally pulled the plug on “the welfare state as we know it.” For the first time since the passage of the Social Security Act in 1935, assistance for the poor was again seen as a favor instead of a right. “Personal responsibi...
They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana. The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut(黑胡桃)trees.【2】 The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests. Rob Swihart...
(7) Summer employees will not participate in the Company's pension, S.U.B. and insurance programs. The above will be in full force and effect, except that if any portion is found to be contrary to any federal, state or local law, it shall be changed to comply with said law. ...