Both the international dimension of MNEs and the EU initiatives such as the institution of the European Works Council (EWC) as well as the practice of opting out from national/sector collective bargaining in favor of company-wide agreements European Foundation (2009) have a substantial impact on ...
Most clauses are restricted in time and many rely on an agreement with the union (metal-engineering) or the works council (chemical industry). Haipeter (2013) argues that in both industries the use of opening clauses has stabilised at a level of about 10 percent of all firms. Opening ...
The past several decades have seen China undergo a rapid urbanization process. During periods of economic prosperity, cities expropriate outlying lands, often villages, for economic development with the support of various local and national government programs designed to encourage urban expansion. However...