Capsules primarily consist of high molecular weight polysaccharides, which are essentially oligosaccharide repeating units. However, some bacterial capsules are atypical: the capsule ofYersinia pestisis a protein polymer composed of 17-kDa subunits11,12, and the capsule ofBacillus anthracisconsists of D-...
coli capsule biogenesis render the pathogen highly sensitive to active human serum and provided near-total protection to mice in lethal systemic infection with a virulent K1 serotype isolate [46]. Recent research has also shown that particular antibiotics that have no demonstrable activity against a ...
were used to evaluate their minimal inhibitory and bactericidal effects by microdilution method on bacteria that express many phenotypical characteristics: different cell-wall structure (Gram positive/negative bacteria), capsule production (Klebsiella pneumoniae), antibiotic resistance (MRSA vs MSSA) or high...
muramidases, amidases, endopeptidases, etc.) and/or cell wall-binding domain; and they may be observed in multiple combinations29,30,57. Here, we find both types of domains co-occurring in various combinations (see Fig.3). For example, the catalytic domain Cysteine proteinases (ECOD T-g...
the hyaluronic acid capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes) and may mask more antigenic deeper layers of the cell envelope. The presence of a capsule may also sterically hinder access of complement components to the bacterial outer membrane. Other capsular antigens induce opsonizing antibody which promotes...
What are the other beta-lactam antibiotics that affect cell wall synthesis? If you wanted to kill bacteria, what would be the best phase of growth to kill them in? (Question about bacteria's growth curve) You have designed a new antibiotic that ...
Polysaccharide capsule prevents phagocytosis adhering to bacteriaex. S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidescan be overcome by anticapsular antibody(opsonization) Cell wall M proteins destroy phagocytes ex. S. pyogenes Cell wall protein A binds to IgA and prevents complement activationex. S. aureus Some ...
What is the difference between a cytoplasm and a cell wall? Explain each function in the cell. What are the organelles inside a cell? Give examples. What is structural (Endospore, Capsule, and Flagella) staining used for? Differentiate between structural Endospore, Capsul...
The introduction of four or more Glu residues resulted in severe defects in capsule production (Fig.4a, Supplementary Fig.8f). Phosphorylation of these proteins was not detected in whole-cell lysates (Fig.4a) but this was attributed to reduced levels and limits of detection in lysates; phosphor...
Examples of Gram positive microorganisms that produce a potent cytotoxin, pore-forming toxin, or strong polysaccharide capsule (Table 3) are also suitable for use in the production of specific antibodies for the product mixture. Additional microorganisms suitable for use as immunogens in the avian an...