Viruses are not living organisms, bacteria are. Viruses only grow and reproduce inside of the host cells they infect. When found outside of these living cells, viruses are dormant. Their “life” therefore requires the hijacking of the biochemi...
that is exactly what they are, but instead of driving the cell along as do the wheels on a car drive the car along, they drive the flagella and cause them to rotate like corkscrews, propelling the cell along. You may notice the flexible hook that joins the flagellum to this system ...
For the cell to grow, however, the Calvin cycle of carbon dioxide fixation must be activated, and electrons must be transferred to the cofactor NADP to form NADPH, which is needed in large amounts for the operation of the cycle. Thus, phototrophic cell growth requires that a source of ...
One reason for this may be that the installation of new plants and processes requires high costs. In addition, important process parameters can affect the immobilized cell fermentation behavior and the process stability significantly [149]. The physiochemical properties of the support for immobilization...
That requires farmers to use more fertiliser to have the same effect on crop yields. It also adds to nitrous oxide emissions from soil as microbes convert excess nutrients from the fertiliser. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and emissions from soil are responsible for the majority of ...
This layer is produced by a deposit from the still unpurified water lying immediately above it. The most vital part of the filter-bed is this organic layer, which, after formation, should not be disturbed until it requires removal owing to its impermeability. A filter-bed, as is well known...
tuberculosis is challenging and requires patients to take a combination of drugs for an extended time. Complicating treatment even further is the development and spread of multidrug-resistant strains of this pathogen. Another pathogenic species, M. leprae, is the cause of Hansen’s disease (leprosy...
The process appeals because it works under mild conditions and requires no noxious chemicals. It also means that the PET may not need to be separated out from other types of plastic, since enzymes are specific. “What the enzyme could potentially do is chemically sort out the PET from the...
from Chapter 4 / Lesson 4 97K Growing bacteria in a lab for experiments, a process called bacterial culturing, requires specific environments and conditions. Learn the vocabulary of bacterial culturing, and explore the media and conditions necessary for growing bacteria. Related...
However, smFISH is a laborious technique and requires the design of highly sensitive probes to capture a sample’s full bacterial diversity. Extending it to simultaneous detection of host whole-transcriptome information and potentially another microbial kingdom will likely be very challenging. SmT ...