In the first and second stages, lab testing will show declining levels of vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin (transporter of B12), while MMA and homocysteine levels will remain within or around the normal range. In the third stage of B12 deficiency, MMA and homocysteine will be elevated (havin...
MMA levels above the normal range for age indicate deficiency. Weight loss data was also collected. Results Active Vitamin B12 ±MMA levels were available for 89 patients. 16% of patients had a proven Vitamin B12 deficiency. 27% of patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma (AC) had a deficiency. ...
This was noted in more dark skin types, which were observed to produce less vitamin D compared to white skin types at normal sun exposure [60]. All things considered, there is evidence that NH residents would benefit from routine vitamin D supplementation to improve their vitamin D status [...