B cells recognize antigens via their membrane-bound immunoglobulin (mIg), which, in conjunction with two transmembrane proteins Igα and Igβ (CD79A and CD79B, respectively), functions as a B cell receptor (BCR)3,4. Antigen binding by the BCR triggers a signaling cascade that ultimately ...
plays a key role in B cell development and adaptive immune responses, recognizing a variety of antigens. For example, the maturation of B cells through the pre-B cell stage is dependent upon the expression of a functional pre-BCR. Mature B cells can specifically recognize an extensive...
The adaptive human immune system is able to recognize nearly any possible antigen even if it was never encountered before [1,2]. This high variability is mediated by cell clone-specific, adaptive receptors on B and T cells, called B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs). The...
They often have a low affinity for structures on the surfaces of bacteria and often can recognize multiple antigens — that is, they are polyreactive. Plasma cells Terminally differentiated B cells essentially dedicated to massive secretion of immunoglobulins. Short (2–3 days) and long-lived (...
These extracellular or intracellular pattern recognition receptors are characterized by leucine-rich repeats and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains (Fig.3b). TLRs, expressed in B cells or myeloid cells, recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from bacteria and viruses. Upon activation ...
[40]. hscs pass through sequential developmental stages such as pro-b cells, pre-b cells and grow into immature b cells in a stepwise manner, at which stage b cells are capable to recognize antigens [41]. the immature b cells subsequently migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues (such as ...
After their binding of a T-dependent antigen (as soluble antigen, indirectly via presentation by a local antigen-presenting cell, or as an immune complex) mature,naive B cellsin primary follicles undergo a blastogenic response. Some of these cells will immediately mature into plasma cells that ...
Brezin, Modeling the antigen recognition by B-cell and T-cell receptors through thermostatted kinetic theory methods, International Journal of Biomathematics 10, 1750072 (2017).C. Bianca, L. Brezin, "Modeling the antigen recognition by B- cell and T-cell receptors through thermostatted kinetic ...
B-cell receptors (BCRs) recognize antigenic epitopes and control the activation and maturation of B cells1,2,3,4,5. B cells with mature BCRs differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, which are the secreted forms of BCRs and carry out a variety of functions, such as neutraliz...
cells in the context ofM. pneumoniaeinfection. The extensive immune dysregulation induced byM. pneumoniaelipoproteins clearly demonstrates that they cannot be safely used as vaccine antigens in their native states, as the presence of lipoprotein lipid moieties will always risk predisposing a vaccine ...