A cumulative running royalty R increases the marginal cost of manufacturing a mobile phone to C + R. It does not matter where in the value chain licensors charge per-unit royalties. If the market is competitive, as we assume in Fig. 1, C + R is also equal to the equilibrium price, ...
EVs are going to solve both of those problems for electric utilities: they will increase demand, and they will increase demand in the middle of the night when people charge up their cars in their garages, and thus they’re reducing this enormous an...