As illustrated in Figure 13, the path diagram generated by the motion planning of the autonomous heavy truck in Case II is shown, with the lines conveying the same meaning as in the preceding text. Additionally, when the controlled vehicle's motion planning is limited to obstacle avoidance, it...
We provided an explanation sheet for participants to refer to for the meaning of valence and arousal. Questionnaire I: what was the robot mood during the game? Session I Valence (Negative - Positive; Displeasure - Pleasure) Arousal (Activation; Calm - Excited) Session II The same SAM scales...
Each application section (3 The time-heterogeneous S–I–R–S model, 4 The time-heterogeneous S–I–R–S model with distributed removed class, 5 A scalar functional differential equation) presents a typical persistence or permanence result shortly after the explanation of the model equations. ...
This paper discusses the randomized predator-prey and prey system of half-ratio,the boundedness under the meaning of the moment of the positive solution to this stochastic differential equation is given by using both stochastic differential equation theory and probabilistic method. 文中研究随机半比例...
If the diode is considered a switch, the circuit equation is represented by a form in which the linear ordinary differential equations with significantly different oscillation frequencies are switched to each other. The meaning of the folding becomes clear even in the equation. By means of this ...
However Treiber and Kesting (2013) point out that by framing Newell’s model from a slightly different perspective (i.e., as a time-delay differential equation or as a special case of the Optimal Velocity Model), T can be interpreted as a reaction time or velocity adaptation time. Based ...
The physical meaning of these semi-classical equations is transparent: The force exerted by the qubit results into the effective Hamiltonian Hm(t) ruling the mechanical evolution. Reciprocally, the mechanics modulates the frequency ω(β0(t)) of the qubit (Eq. (3)), which causes the coupling...
(b) Likewise, there is a wheel drop level variable which is increased when a wheel drop event is detected and is reduced steadily over time. When a wheel drop event is detected and the wheel drop level is above a threshold (meaning there have been several wheel drops recently), the ...
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Generally (but not necessarily), the terms used herein and described below are well known and commonly used ...
When agents are assumed to be homogeneous, meaning they have identical sensory inputs, actuators, and model structures, they can share parameters. Parameters sharing reduces the overall number of parameters, potentially enhancing learning efficiency compared to training in separate processes. Despite ...