We find that the means-tested pension system is welfare reducing, but does provide a better outcome than a PAYG system of equivalent cost. We also find that if the benefit amount is held constant, and hence the cost of the pension programme is allowed to vary, a taper rate of 1.0 is ...
lead to Permanent Residence which are contributory and non-contributory parent visas. Either can be lodged either from within Australia or outside Australia. A parent visa can be lodged in Australia if at least one of the parents meet the age requirement of the aged pension definition in ...
The first of these is the complete removal of the means test, which amounts to installing a universal pension for all seniors of at least 65 years of age. As variations on this theme, we also give brief consideration to the removal of the income test alone and then removal of the ...
Besides, with the improvement of the pension system in China, elderly people today depend less on their offspring, and thanks to the continuous increase in the number of well- educated and financially independent women, quite a few young women consider marriage more of an option than a necessity...
GDP (Macfarlane, 2005). The rise in income accrues to wage earners in the resource sector, some to domestic shareholders and a large amount through increased taxation and royalties to governments. As shown in Table 1, compared to 2006, the government increased its real current 市场...
(2) Outcomes of the adoption: cat retention, adopter's self-rated attachment to the cat, adopter's satisfaction with the cat, whether the adopter would choose to adopt from the shelter again in the future and the amount of money the adopter would be prepared to pay in the future to ...