In this article, selected diagnostic issues are reviewed and a model for conceptualizing the continuum of levels of attachment adaptation in infants and young children is presented. The articles in this Special Issue are introduced and the issues they address are highlighted....
One possible outcome isreactive attachment disorder(RAD), a rare condition that can be diagnosed in infants, children, and adults. Psychologists believe that RAD may result from childhood trauma or unmet emotional or physical needs. RAD affects children in many ways and may cause them to feel an...
Since its introduction into DSM-III, reactive attachment disorder has stood curiously apart from other diagnoses for two reasons; it remains the only diagnosis designed for infants, and it requires the presence of a specific etiology. This paper describes the pattern of disturbances demonstrated by ...
Once infants have developed the cognitive capacity to exhibit separation protest and stranger wariness, they may form new attachments with any caregivers with whom they have significant interactive experiences. 展开 关键词: reactive attachment disorder attachment disorder attachment reactive attachment disorder...
Finally, the third section focuses in some detail on the phenomenon of reactive attachment disorder, a diagnosis first identified in 1980, yet the syndrome of RAD fits with observations of institutionalized infants from previous decades (e.g., Provence & Lipton, 1962; Spitz, 1945) and would ...
Pediatricians are often the first health professionals to assess and raise suspicions of RAD in children with the disorder. The initial presentation varies according to the child’s developmental and chronological age, although it always involves a disturbance in social interaction. Infants...
Thankfully rare, this disorder occurs when infants fail to bond with parents or caregivers and is normally sorted into two different categories; inhibited and disinhibited. In its inhibited form the child fails to interact with others; In the disinhibited form the child forms excessive and ...
Attachment essaysIn all cultures, infants develop an intense bond with those who care for them. Myers explains that from as early as being a newborn, infants prefer familiar faces and voices and as they grow older they would crawl behind the caregiver a
Infants who experience negative or unpredictable responses from a caregiver may develop an insecure attachment style. They may see adults as unreliable and they may not trust them easily. Children with insecure attachments may avoid people, exaggerate distress, and show anger, fear, and anxiety. The...
Reviews recent findings concerning disorganized disoriented attachment in infants and its correlates in unresolved parental traumas. It is proposed that such attachment in infancy may lead to increased vulnerability to dissociative disorders via a linking mechanism proposed by M. Main and E. Hesse (1990...