Earth, atmospheric sciencesIntroduction to the first edition; Introduction to the second edition; Introduction to the third edition; Introduction to the fourth edition; 1. Global warming and climate change; 2. The Greenhouse effect; 3. The Greenhouse gases; 4. Climates of the past; 5. Modelling...
Atmospheric gases not only allow for life on Earth as we know it, but also affect the air we breathe (the air quality) and the climate we live in. • Some gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), affect the absorption of terrestrially produced infrared radiation and are call...
Gravity pulls the gas molecules towards Earth’s center. The pull of gravity is stronger closer to the center at sea level. Air is denser at sea level where the gravitational pull is greater. Gases at sea level are also compressed by the weight of the atmosphere above them. The force of ...
An increase in the Earth's averageatmospherictemperature, esp. resulting from the greenhouse effect. 由于温室效应而引起的地球大气平均温度升高的现象. 期刊摘选 It is flat and insipid to the taste , having been deprived of itsatmosphericgases. ...
Oceans under the light of moribund stars Luca Maltagliati Research Highlights23 Jan 2025Nature Astronomy Volume: 9, P: 27 A dry interior for Venus suggests the planet was never habitable The composition of Venus’s atmosphere is well known, and is likely being replenished by volcanic gases. An...
of subaerial magma degassing17, mantle oxygen fugacity24, and/or crustal composition18,25, all of which would influence the atmosphere oxygen level via the flux and redox state of reductants (gases, minerals, and fluids) emanating from the solid Earth. In general, the redox state of these ...
The atmosphere is the shroud of gases around the Earth, held in place by gravity. It plays a vital role in making our planet hospitable to life, providing air to breathe and preventing large temperature swings between night and day. The atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen (78 percent)...
and its evolution, possibly revealing the presence of microbial life billions of years ago. The gas samples, in particular, could offer valuable data on trace gases and the planet’s ancient climate, drawing parallels with Earth’s own atmospheric history and aiding future manned missions ...
As explained in Section 3.1 and Section 3.2, the molecular component is characterised by its well-mixed gases (dinitrogren, dioxygen, etc.) and variable gases as water vapour or ozone present in much lower quantity. Whereas permanent gases fix the general properties of the atmosphere as its he...
Turbulence is a complex and chaotic state of fluid motion. Atmospheric turbulence within the Earth’s atmosphere poses fundamental challenges for applications such as remote sensing, free-space optical communications and astronomical observation due to i