The Ice Giants represent a unique and relatively poorly characterized class of planets that have been largely unexplored since the brief Voyager 2 flyby in the late 1980s. Uranus is particularly enigmatic, due to its extreme axial tilt, offset magnetic field, apparent low heat budget, mysteriously...
The atmospheric composition and structure of Jupiter and Saturn from ISO observations: a pre- liminary review. Planet. Space Sci. 47, 1223±1240.Encrenaz, Th., Drossart, P., Feuchtgruber, H. et al. (1999). The atmospheric composition and structure of Jupiter and Saturn from ISO ...
The observed spatial pattern and amplitude of the NAO are well simulated in AGCMs forced with climatological annual cycles of insolation and SST, as well as fixed atmospheric trace–gas composition. The governing dynamical mechanisms are interactions between the time-mean flow and the departures from...
In situ measurements by an atmospheric entry probe allow for sounding and investigating atmospheric composition, structure and dynamics deep into the atmosphere of a Giant planet. In this paper, we describe an Atmospheric Structure Instrument (ASI) for an entry probe at Uranus and/or Neptune. The...
Chemical and Isotopic Composition Measurements on Atmospheric Probes Exploring Uranus and NeptuneDescent probeInstrumentationAtmosphereUranusNeptuneMass spectrometrySo far no designated mission to either of the two ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, exists. Almost all of our gathered information on these planets...
ATMOSPHERIC compositionSCIENTIFIC apparatus & instrumentsREMOTE sensing of the atmosphereMASS spectrometryATMOSPHEREMASS spectrometersSo far no designated mission to either of the two ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, exists. Almost all of our gathered information on these planets comes from remote sensing. ...
This confinement could be much shallower and information about the deep troposphere below the levels accessible to a probe could be attained by measurements of the gravity field of Uranus and Neptune from the trajectory of a carrier or orbiter. • Radio wave detection of lightning from the ...
As a result, little is known directly of the surface geology or composition. Presumably, as with Callisto and Ganymede, the crust and mantle are primarily water ice. Models of the atmospheric chemistry however suggest that the surface should receive a continual “rain” of hydrocarbon aerosols, ...
The Atmospheric Structure Instrument (ASI) of the entry probe will make in situ measurements during the entry and descent into the atmosphere of Uranus and Neptune in order to investigate the atmospheric structure, dynamics and electricity. The scientific objectives for ASI are to determine the atmos...
The existing models of Venus interior composition greatly differ in terms of iron composition (Lodders and Fegley, 1998). Most of the planetary material is acquired through collisions with a small number of embryos originating in a wide region of the inner solar system: 0.7–3 AU (Morbidelli ...