ENSO, which is measured in the atmosphere by the sea level pressure-derived SOI (Allan et al. 1996; Kaplan 2011), arguably has the most global impact.R. AllanBulletin of the American Meteorological Society
PressureAscending AirLowPressureTHERMALLY-DIRECTCIRCULATION COLD WARMTHERMALLYINDIRECTCIRCULATION WARM COLDEquator N SHADLEY CELL IS A THERMALLY-DIRECTCIRCULATIONTHERMALLY-DIRECTCIRCULATION INAN IDEALIZEDNON-ROTATINGEARTHThe prevailing circulation of the atmosphere0 30 30 60 60 N SLatitudeHigh High Low Low...
the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the atmosphere on all objects in it. Atmospheric pressure is a fundamental characteristic of the atmosphere’s condition; at each point in the atmosphere it is determined by the weight of the overlying air. Atmospheric pressure decreases with height; its dependence...
Atmospheric circulation refers to the patterns of air movement from one location to another and from the surface to higher elevations in Earth's atmosphere. These patterns are influenced by various factors such as Earth's rotation, barometric pressure, topography, and ocean currents. The circulation...
based on the 500 hPa geopotential record for Algiers, a Western European zonal circulation index (WEZCI) constructed from Madrid + Barcelona and Trondheim + Lund surface pressure records, and a new Mediterranean circulation index (MCI) constructed from Marseille and Jerusalem surface pressure records....
withthewind.Thethree circulationisassumedtobeidealmodeloftheearth'ssurface condition,infact,atmosphericpressureandwindisnot continuousindistributionneartheground,andtheformation ofapressurecenter.Onthebasisofthethreecirculation, theactualsituationofsealevel,airpressureandwindshould besolvedsoastointegratetheorywith...
AtmosphericStructureandComposition 1.AtmosphericStructure TheatmosphereAtmosphericStructureTroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphereIonosphereatmosphericpressureWindandpressureAtmosphericCirculation Theatmosphere Theatmosphereisathinblanketofgasthatenvelopstheearth.Thegasesthatmakeuptheatmosphereareheldclosetotheearthbythepullof...
Owing to the Coriolis force, the movement of air in the atmospheric general circulation is quasi-geostrophic, that is, with the exception of the equatorial latitudes and the boundary layer, it resembles a geostrophic wind directed along the isobars perpendicularly to the pressure gradient. Moreover...
Arctic amplification of anthropogenic climate change is widely attributed to the sea-ice albedo feedback, with its attendant increase in absorbed solar radiation, and to the effect of the vertical structure of atmospheric warming on Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation. The latter lapse rate feedback...
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