Earth’s surface underwent a dramatic transition ~2.3 billion years ago when atmospheric oxygen first accumulated during the Great Oxidation Event, but the detailed composition of the reducing early atmosphere is not well known. Here we develop mercury (Hg) stable isotopes as a proxy for paleoatmos...
The pressure of Mercury's atmosphere was determined to be about 10−12 bar (compared to the 1 bar atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth). Ground-based telescopic observations in the visible have identified resonant scattering emission features attributed to sodium, potassium, and calcium as...
In this paper, thermal infrared spectra obtained by the infrared (IR) grating spectrometer (TIS) of the MERTIS (MErcury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer) instrument during the second Venus flyby of the BepiColombo mission are presented and analyzed. The MERTIS observations provide not on...
Mercury and Neptune's satellite Triton have been found to have only the most tenuous of atmospheres. Pluto is also thought to have an atmosphere. The deep hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and the other giant planets probably derive directly from the solar ...
What are the main constituents of the Jovian planets? How were the secondary atmospheres of the terrestrial planets created? Is Neptune known as the blue planet? Which terrestrial planets have mostly carbon dioxide atmospheres? What are the inner planets made of? How was Neptune discovered? Which...
Unlike Mercury, tidal locking is expected to lead to 1:1 synchronous rotation, extreme day-night temperature contrasts, and the presence of a hemispheric magma ocean at the surface (Fig. 1). As temperatures exceed 2000 K, the vapor pressure of more volatile constituents of silicate mantles ...
What is the atmosphere of Uranus? Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth from meteoroids? What are the main constituents of the Jovian planets? What is the name for the gaseous sphere surrounding Earth? Which two parts of the Sun are in the solar atmosphere? In which of the fol...
bimolecular or 3-body reactions). Indeed, the low pressure of Titan's upper atmospheric layers (ca. <10−6 mbar) and the low rate of energy input mean that, on characteristic dynamical time scales, only a small fraction of the chemical bonds of the main atmospheric constituents are broken...
Components of the Atmosphere | Gases & Importance from Chapter 19/ Lesson 1 158K Learn what gases make up the atmosphere. Identify the components of the atmosphere and understand the significance of the composition of gases in Earth's air. ...
<10−6 mbar) and the low rate of energy input mean that, on characteristic dynamical time scales, only a small fraction of the chemical bonds of the main atmospheric constituents are broken. Laboratory experiments must respect this low dose per reactive molecule by evaluating the exposure time...