AT1 bonds have a perpetual maturity, meaning they do not have a fixed end date. However, there is often a call option that allows the issuer to redeem the bonds after a certain period of time.
Equations of motion were integrated with a 2 fs time step and all bonds were constrained to their equilibrium length with the LINCS algorithm. The temperature was kept constant at 325 K using the Berendsen thermostat with a 0.1 ps coupling time constant, while the Berendsen barostat was ...