如果每个新列需要不同的值,请将DataFrame.assign与字典一起用于新列名称,如键:: def check_header(header, df): diff = np.setdiff1d(header, df.columns) d = dict(zip(diff, diff)) print (d) {'test1': 'test1', 'test3': 'test3'} return df.assign(**d).reindex(header, axis=1) a = ...