One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or ‘engram cells’) and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical extension of this idea is that forgetting occurs when engram cells canno
As such, depression and anxiety are treated by replenishing these neurotransmitters with SSRI medication that helps specific brain cells or neurons either produce more of the chemicals or stop the chemicals from being broken down after they are produced, so that they remain in the system a little ...
increases in any form of uncertainty will reduce the distinction between early safe and threat-related stages, causing previously safe stages to be perceived as more dangerous.
The link between PD and MPTP was established based on the clinical findings and later substantiated by neuropathology identifying the trademark loss of nigral neurons and degeneration of their terminal connections in the striatum [392,393]. However, MPTP shows less of an effect in mouse models ...
(Fig.5e). Additionally, western blot assays confirmed the absence of FTH1 in PG, a phenomenon closely associated with ferritinophagy, which is considered to be a form of ferroptosis.73The matrix of correlations among the key protein abundances revealed strong connections between ferroptosis-...
(ii) Administered CFA (Complete Freunds’ Adjuvant) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which elicited activation of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons [205]. (iii) Trigeminal activation using chemical stimulation of the dura mater with CFA, to test whether application of CFA on the surface ...
This suggests that, in addition to the anatomically separate populations of burst neurons on each side of the brainstem that synapse with anatomically separate populations of neural-integrator neuronal networks on their respective sides of the brainstem, there may exist anatomically separate neuronal ...
[71–75]. As low threshold stimulation of the hippocampus elicits inhibition and higher threshold stimulation elicits excitation of basolateral amygdala projection neurons [76–78], our observations suggest that, in the water-paired context, low levels of hippocampal activity inhibit cortical engagement ...
connections are represented by open triangles (▷) and solid circles (●), respectively. Dashed line indicates possible poly-synaptic link. Input, retino-thalamic input; SC, simple cells; M, modulatory excitatory input; ~, oscillatory neurons. Inset: Implementation of the phase detection function...
In contrast, increasing neuronal activity in zebrafish by either glutamate uncaging or repetitive visual stimulation results in increased contact by microglial processes, which preferentially ensheath neurons with high spontaneous calcium transients through a mechanism that likely involves calcium-induced ...