Nuanced situational and environmental ambiguities and dynamics can lead to highly variable and, in many cases undependable, decisions from AI systems. The dependability problem is compounded when the AI systems
In many control applications, the model of the system is unknown or the input parameters are highly variable and unstable. In such cases, fuzzy controllers can be applied. These are more robust and cheaper than conventional PID controllers. It is also easier to understand and modify fuzzy ...
The Sigmoid function was hence adopted in this study with scaling process given by: xn ¼ x À xmin xmax À xmin ð1Þ where xn, xmin and xmax are the normalized (scaled), the minimum and maximum values of variable x. 4.3 Determination of model architecture The performance of ...
(3)yiˆ=1M∑m=1Mϕm(xi)As can be inferred in Eq. (3), M corresponds to the number of base learners and ϕm is considered as the output of the decision tree trained on a bootstrap of the data with a random subsample of the features, i.e. random variable selection at each ...
Compared with the FFT spectrum derived under variable total harmonics distortion in Section 3.1, the temperature has no significant impact on the central frequency except for some small pseudodominant frequency intervals and a slight increase in the accumulated amplitude of the FFT spectrum. 3.3. PD ...
However, these two studies [5,47] did not focus on mathematics achievement; instead, they examined the learning achievement of all disciplines as an outcome variable. To the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis has examined the overall effects of AI on elementary students' mathematics ...
A soft gripper with variable stiffness inspired by pangolin scales, toothed pneumatic actuator and autonomous controller. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 2020, 61, 101848. [CrossRef] 18. Gorissen, B.; Reynaerts, D.; Konishi, S.; Yoshida, K.; Kim, J.W.; De Volder, M. Elastic Inflatable...
This study may have potential applications in auricular tissue engineering with a human ear-shaped hydrogel. Keywords: silk fibroin; 3D printer; auricular cartilage 1. Introduction Auricular cartilage is elastic cartilage with a collagen network of type-II collagen and highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (...
Eighty retinal images with variable color, brightness, and quality. The database was composed of 117 images with variable color, brightness, and quality. 50 were used for training and 67 for testing. Fifty-eight retinal images with variable color, brightness, and quality from the Instituto de ...
Normalization of the input data can be computed as Xi = 2 X − Xmin Xmax − Xmin − 1 (2) where Xi is the normalized value of an input variable (X), Xmin and Xmax are the minimum and maximum values of variables, respectively. The optimized values of variables after completion ...