Charles I suffered defeat in the civil wars of 1642– and 1648. He was executed by a sentence of the High Court of the Tribunal that the Long Parliament had created. Charles II. Born May 29, 1630, in London; died there Feb. 6, 1685. King of the Stuart dynasty. After the execution...
English civil war, 1642–48, the conflict between King Charles I of England and a large body of his subjects, generally called the “parliamentarians,” that culminated in the defeat and execution of the king and the establishment of a republican commonwealth. The Nature of the Struggle The ...
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering(2024) Advancing forest hydrological research: exploring global research trends and future directions through scientometric analysis Tanzeel Javaid Aini Farooqi Rubén Portela
在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,继而开辟新航路。 英国内战 The Civil Wars(1642-1651): 是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)。最终查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puri...
A new civil code, based on a European model, was adopted in place of Muslim law; polygamy was thus abolished. New criminal and commercial codes were adopted. Church and state were separated. The Arabic alphabet was replaced by the Latin. Women were granted the vote, first in municipal and...
In order to thwart claims made to the area by the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, Williams, through influential friends, secured (1644) a parliamentary patent under which the four towns drew up a code of civil law and organized (1647) a government. The liberal charter granted (1663)...
Radama was succeeded by his wife Ranavalona I (reigned 1828–1861), who, suspicious of foreigners, declared (1835) Christianity illegal and halted most foreign trade. During her rule the Merina kingdom was wracked by intermittent civil war. Under Radama II (reigned 1861–63) and his widow ...
The lord’s rights over the person of the worker were expanded, and gradually serfs were deprived of nearly all civil rights. The sale of peasants without land, which had begun in practice in the first half of the 17th century, was sanctioned by law by the last quarter of the century (...