The political struggle in northeastern Rus’ for liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke was accompanied by stimulation of the economy and strengthening of the state system; in Middle Asia and Transcaucasia, however, the destruction of the economic base, in addition to invasion and civil war, made...
the Federation of Unions of Civil Servants, founded in 1938, with a membership of 800,000; the Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Farmers, founded in 1918, with 120,000 members; the General Confederation of Workers, founded in 1921, with a membership of 18,000; the Revolutionary Confed...
Bias-corrected projections were developed for South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka) and the 18 Indian sub-continental river basins (Fig.1). We used basin boundaries in the Indian sub-continent from Shah and Mishra42[Fig.1]. We obtained observed daily gridded...
In the mid-1530’s the center of the Reformation shifted to Geneva, where J. Calvin became active in 1536; he took up permanent residence in the city in 1541. At the beginning of the 1540’s, Calvinism was introduced into Geneva, which became the center of the Calvinist Reformation in ...
(founded in 1525), San Miguel (1530), and Chalatenango (1536). Between 1560 and 1821, El Salvador was part of theaudiencia(captaincygeneral) of Guatemala. By the early 19th century, a substantial portion of the Indians and Negroes had mixed with the Spanish. The colonial oppression of ...
During the Gothic period (from the early 13th century to the 1530’s) the largest cathedrals were built in Roskilde and Odense, as well as castles with a rectangular plan and with great walls and towers (the Sp0ttrup Castle in the Viborg area). The cities that began to appear in the ...
In the 1530’s, Iraq was conquered by the Turks; in the early 17th century, the Safawids gained possession of it. From the 1630’s until the end of World War I, it formed part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman sultans mercilessly exploited the population and stirred up enmity among th...
Around 1530 the empire was weakened by civil war initiated by Atahualpa and Huáscar, who had been designated as dual heirs by their father, Huayna Capac. The Spanish Conquest Atahualpa had defeated Huascar for control of the Inca empire by 1532, when Francisco Pizarro, a Spaniard, arrived ...
During the 1530’s the Spanish completed the conquest of the country and established a colonial regime. The city of Santa Fe de Bogotá (modern Bogotá) became the capital of the colony, which in 1538 was named New Granada. The administrative system of New Granada changed several times. In ...
Under Ivan IV (1530-84) the Posol’skii Prikaz (Foreign Office) was set up in 1549, diplomatic ranks were established, and a complex diplomatic ceremony developed in Russia. In this period the activity of Russian diplomats promoted the formation and strengthening of the centralized Russian state...