tumor progression through immune escape. Additionally, during CAR-T cell therapy, increased secretion of IFN-γ can induce the upregulation of immunosuppressive molecules like PD-L1 on the tumor surface as a response to host immune pressure. PD-L1 binds to PD-1 receptors on T cells, transmittin...
The density and complex composition of the ECM can obstruct the migration of CAR-T cells, hindering their ability to reach and infiltrate the tumor core, thus limiting their antitumor activity. The ECM in the TME not only facilitates the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells but ...