In the pain-flexor reflex, arm extension is temporally coupled with the onset of the unconditioned aversive stimulus, whereas flexion is associated with its offset; when retrieving desirable stimuli, arm flexion is more closely coupled temporally to the acquisition or consumption of ...
Arm flexion refers to the forward movement of the upper arm at the shoulder joint, as when lifting the arms to the front of the body. Arm extension represents the backward movement of the upper arm at the shoulder joint, as when moving the arms behind the body. Arm abduction occurs when...
aGraphics in the previous sections show that is possible for this mechanism to develop the same movements like a biological arm as flexion‐extension, pronation‐supination and humeral rotation 图表在是可能为了这个机制能开发同样运动象一条生物胳膊象弯曲‐引伸、内旋‐旋后和肩自转的前面的部分展示[transl...
After the calibration, the headset was temporarily taken off and data were collected with the purpose of computing the range of motion of each DOF (shoulder flexion/extension (S-FE), shoulder abduction/adduction (S-AA), humeral rotation (H-R), elbow flexion/extension (E-FE), forearm pronati...
aThe ATO group increased a mean of 3.2 ft-lbs during peak shoulder extension compared with an increase of 3.8 ft-lbs in the A&ST group. Arm flexion increased by 0.07 ft-lbs in the ATO group and by 3.7 ft-lbs in the A&ST group. ATO小组增加了3.2 ft磅手段在高峰肩膀引伸期间比较3.8 ft...
mechanism to increase arm elevation without changing shoulder RoM [8]. The large change in cervical angle from lordosis to kyphosis between 30°Sa and 180° (in both planes) is consistent with the fact the cervical spine has the largest magnitude of flexion–extension of the whole spine [36]...
Normal shoulder strength in flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation; weakness in elbow flexion, supination, and pronation and wrist flexion; and numbness in the lateral forearm implicate the lateral cord. • Medial cord lesions are similar to lower trunk lesions with sparing of C8 ...
focused on training shoulder and elbow flexion and extension (Fig.1a). The system provides smart physical human–robot interaction (haptics) in partial substitution of physical interaction with a therapist, coupled with remote telemonitoring via a web-based software (www.articares.com) (Fig.1b)....
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For arm movement, the arm was strapped to a device that provided limited gravity support and allowed elbow flexion/extension in one (sagittal-transverse) plane within a defined range of motion from 45° relative to standard anatomical position to 60-75° depending on the participant’s paretic...