An appealing option is classical first-order logic which can express much more complex knowledge than possible with defeasible or classical propositional logics. However the computational viability of using classical first-order logic is an issue. Here we address this issue by using the notion of ...
Arguments figure prominently in our practices of reason-giving. For example, we use them to advance reasons for their conclusions in order to justify belie
During the same time, I perused a few books on propositional logic, both modern and medieval, one of which was Robert Gula's A Handbook of Logical Fallacies. Gula's book reminded me of a list of heuristics that I had scribbled down in a notebook a decade ago about how to argue; the...
In addition, this easy-to-read textbook also devotes three chapters to the formal aspects of logic including forms of argument, as well as propositional, categorical, and quantificational logic. Plus, this edition helps readers apply informal logic to legal, moral, scientific, religious, and ...
As we said before, inference schemes in the AIF ontology are similar to the rules of inference in a logic, in that they express the general principles that form the basis for actual inference. They can be deductive (e.g., the inference rules of propositional logic [26]) or defeasible (...
In the present paper, I understand musical arguments as arguments in the traditional sense associated with logic B as attempts to convince someone of a conclusion by providing them with reasons for accepting it. My aim is a tentative account of the role that music and other non-verbal sounds ...
Ordinary individuals who have been taught no logic do not make use of rules of inference to make valid deductions. Now, I do not think we would claim that (3) is case of begging the question, it is an argumentum ad verecundiam, the proponent is referring to an authority in the field...
Hence propositional attitude states are treated as computational relations to sentences in an internal processing language, and where the LOT sentence serves to represent or encode the propositional content of the intentional state. And merely for the sake of argument, let us temporarily suppose, as ...
A presupposition of an argument is best understood as pertaining to a propositional element (a premise or the conclusion) e of the argument, such that the presupposition is a necessary condition for the truth of e or for a term in e to have a referent. In contrast, an assumption of an ...
It has been proved by Lukasiewicz and Mates that the Stoic theory of what they called syllogisms contained something we might call propositional logic in modern terms. Mates also brought up the problem of deciding whether You are currently not able to access this content. Not sure if you ...