这种咄咄逼人的做法反映了一种将论证视为一种竞争或战斗的观点,其目标是“得分”和“击败对手”。批评论证的(过度)对抗性做法的作者包括(Moulton 1983;Gilbert 1994;Rooney 2012;Hundleby 2013;Bailin & Battersby 2016)。这些作者中的许多人(但不是全部)专门从女性主义的角度制定了他们的批评(见关于feminist perspe...
Appeal to Authority 诉诸权威; 词组短语 诉诸权威的谬误 Appeal to Authority 双语例句 1. ´Appealing to authority´ can be divided into the fallacy of ´appealing to the rela.´.. 引用权威不当或滥用权威会导致“诉诸权威”谬误。—— 给力词典精选 2. How good is the evidence: intuition,...
1) Authority 1. Is the authority sufficiently respected to make a credible claim? 2. Do other equally reputable authorities agree with the authority cited? 3. Are there are equally reputable authorities who disagree? 2) Generalization 1. Are sufficient examples given to convince us that a genera...
The last of the modes of erroneous generalization to which I shall advert, is that to which we may give the name of False Analogies. This Fallacy stands distinguished from those already treated of by the peculiarity that it does not even simulate a complete and conclusive induction, but consis...
九,false question of authority 作者引证的其他领域的权威在该领域未必是权威 十,false dilemma 把解决问题的复杂选择简化为非此即彼的 2 种选择 Assumption 假设例句 The arguer commits the fallacy of …. The arguer unfairly /groundlessly assumes that ….. The argument rests on the unfoundedly / ...
The principal fallacy in argumentation is the petitio principii (“begging of the question”), in which the speaker presupposes that the audience accepts a thesis that actually is contested by them, even implicitly (See also logic: The critique of forms of reasoning). Taken in a broad sense...
Appeal to authority False dilemma Bandwagon fallacy Appeal to ignorance Circular argument Sunk cost fallacy Appeal to pity Causal fallacy Appeal to hypocrisy Tu quoque History of the straw man fallacy One of the earliest references to the straw man argument dates to Martin Luther. In his 1520 book...
Considering the witness as an authority lets the scheme feature a symptomatic relation (Garssen 2001, 92). By analogy, the infamous bird Tweety and its genus—penguin—both exemplify the concept BIRD. Yet both are distinct from the concept itself. The level at which one defines BIRD thus is...
Can a fallacy still be persuasive? Yes, fallacies can be persuasive, especially if the audience is not aware of the logical flaws. 13 What are some common types of fallacies? Common fallacies include ad hominem, straw man, slippery slope, and appeal to authority. 12 How can one identify a...
Fallacies of Relevance >Appeal to Authority Explanation This fallacy occurs any time the sheer numbers of people who agree to something is used as a reason to get you to agree to it and takes the general form: When most people agree on a claim about subject S, the claim is true (normall...