For instance, the majority of plant viruses have been shown to contain a single strand of RNA (ssRNA). Depending on the type of virus, then, the genome may be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ...
Viruses possess comparatively small genomes that consist ease, of single-stranded or double- stranded RNA or DNA. Most viruses encode at least one protein that forms the viral capsid that encases the genome. Viruses are divided into 6 classes that differ in genome structure and replication-...
Explain what arboviruses are, what unusual property they have, and why they are almost always RNA viruses. RNA Virus: RNA virus refers to those viruses that have RNA as the genetic material. Two forms of RNA viruses can be found: single and double str...
DOUBLE-stranded RNAEXTRACELLULAR vesiclesTRICHOMONAS vaginalisEXOSOMESFREIGHT & freightageTrichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist that infects the human urogenital tract. During the infection, trichomonads adhere to the host mucosa, acquire nutrients from the vaginal/prostate environmen...
For RNA viruses, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important ligand for activating the cellular antiviral response10. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), can sense cytosolic dsRNA10,11,12. Binding of MDA5 to dsRNA activates a signalling ...
Viruses can be divided into four different categories based on the structure of their genomes, single- or double-stranded RNA and single- or double-stranded DNA viruses. The genome of the virus determines what enzymes it encodes for in order to replicate the structural proteins that it needs....
Chemical RNA structure probing can reveal which bases are single- or double-stranded, but it cannot determine which nucleotides form base pairs15,16,17,18,19. We, therefore, validated PCCRs against the long-range RNA–RNA interactions that were assessed experimentally by psoralen analysis of RNA...
Lastly, biological agents, such as viruses, might integrate their DNA into a host's genome, leading to mutations. Environmental Foes Extreme temperatures might boost mutation rates, and some foods or lifestyle habits, like smoking, expose individuals to mutagenic chemicals. However, mutations can al...
Rhinoviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded positive RNA (ss + RNA) viruses that belong to the familyPicornaviridae, genusEnterovirus. There are three major serotypes of rhinovirus (RV), and each utilizes a specific cellular receptor for viral entry – RV-A utilizes intercellular adhesion...
To quantify inovirus produced in cecal contents, we used absolute qPCR. Given the linear single stranded (ssDNA) of secreted inoviruses circularize at specific regions, we designed primers that targeted and amplified only the circularized versions of the inovirus genome. This method allowed us to...