For instance, the majority of plant viruses have been shown to contain a single strand of RNA (ssRNA). Depending on the type of virus, then, the genome may be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ...
Viruses possess comparatively small genomes that consist ease, of single-stranded or double- stranded RNA or DNA. Most viruses encode at least one protein that forms the viral capsid that encases the genome. Viruses are divided into 6 classes that differ in genome structure and replication-...
Explain what arboviruses are, what unusual property they have, and why they are almost always RNA viruses. RNA Virus: RNA virus refers to those viruses that have RNA as the genetic material. Two forms of RNA viruses can be found: single and double str...
DOUBLE-stranded RNAEXTRACELLULAR vesiclesTRICHOMONAS vaginalisEXOSOMESFREIGHT & freightageTrichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protist that infects the human urogenital tract. During the infection, trichomonads adhere to the host mucosa, acquire nutrients from the vaginal/prostate environmen...
Viruses can be divided into four different categories based on the structure of their genomes, single- or double-stranded RNA and single- or double-stranded DNA viruses. The genome of the virus determines what enzymes it encodes for in order to replicate the structural proteins that it needs....
The antiviral response is triggered by detection of viral infection in the host cell1. For RNA viruses, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an important ligand for activating the cellular antiviral response10. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), including melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)...
The ability of nucleic acids to form double-stranded structures is essential for all living systems on Earth. Current knowledge on functional RNA structures is focused on locally-occurring base pairs. However, crosslinking and proximity ligation experime
Most viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material. The nucleic acid may be single- or double-stranded. The entire infectious virus particle, called a virion, consists of the nucleic acid and an outer shell of protein. The simplest viruses contain only enough RNA or DNA to encode...
Rhinoviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded positive RNA (ss + RNA) viruses that belong to the familyPicornaviridae, genusEnterovirus. There are three major serotypes of rhinovirus (RV), and each utilizes a specific cellular receptor for viral entry – RV-A utilizes intercellular adhesion...
HPVs are nonenveloped icosahedral viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA. Their genome encodes six early proteins (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7), which play regulatory roles in replication and carcinogenesis, as well as two late proteins (L1 and L2) that form the capsid [12]. Spe...