Russia is geographically the largest Arctic nation and is, hence, also one of eight nations within the Arctic Council, an intergovernmental forum for coordinated activities across the Arctic countries (https://arctic-council.org/). However, following the invasion of Ukraine, the work of the ...
Founders of the Arctic Council count eight countries, including Iceland even though its coastline is predominantly under the Polar Circle. When the Arctic coastal states met in Ilulissat in 2008 on the other hand, Iceland, Sweden and Finland were not invited. The meeting had as an objective the...
An Overview of the Arctic Circle Eight Countries Own Land in the Arctic Circle It's Home to Arctic Foxes Murmansk, Russia, Is the Biggest City There's an Arctic Council The Arctic Circle Doesn't Plunge Into Total Darkness The Sun Appears for Months The Antarctic Circle Is Way Colder You C...
A new study by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) estimates heavy fuel oil (HFO) use, HFO carriage, the use and carriage of other fuels, black carbon (BC) emissions, and emissions of other air and climate pollutants for the year 2015, with projections to 2020 and 2025...
Nevertheless, the 1990s saw the start of several cooperative initiatives, from the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) in 1990 to the Arctic Council in 1996. In more recent years, the Asian countries' governments and other Asian actors have grown increasingly interested in the Arctic ...
After the Second World War the United States and Canada became more active in arctic research. Since 1946 both countries have been conducting oceanographic research in the eastern section of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. A number of expeditions have been conducted in the arctic waters that wash ...
Observer countries must acknowledge the sovereignty and jurisdiction of Arctic states while recognizing the extensive legal framework governing the Arctic Ocean. In May 2013, India became the 11th country to gain permanent observer status at the Arctic Council. Both Russia and the United States have ...
Each of these nations are members of the Arctic Council by nature of their physical presence in the Arctic. China’s northernmost city is near the same latitude as Philadelphia. But China is as always undeterred by the reality of geography. In their singular, Orwellian or doublespeak fashion,...
After Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent halt in cooperation with the other Arctic states, Russia has turned east and south for new partners. At the same time, Russia is messaging actively that the Arctic Council without Russia i
Fig. 2. Area of different types of plant cover (a) barren, b) graminoid, c) shrub, d) wetland) within the arctic portion of six countries, as shown on the Raster CAVM. Map units are ordered from colder to warmer (left to right). Norway includes Svalbard and a small portion of nor...