Other variations of the first-order languages do not follow the whole structure of any model: they have been prepared only for the relations definable over the universe in order to be able to prove the generalizations of a number of difficult logical results. The semantics of the first-order ...
This paper presents a logic programming language of novel conception, called Reflective Prolog, which allows declarative metaknowledge representation and metareasoning. The language is defined by augmenting pure Prolog (Horn clauses) with capabilities of self-reference and logical reflection. Self-...
The logical components of logic languages are common (connectives, quantifiers and a countable set of (individuum) variables). Now, we give a formal definition of what such a language constitutes. Definition 1.1 The alphabet of a first-order language consists of The object of study in ...
This article introduces a new method for knowledge-based security testing by logic programming and the related tool implementation for model-based non-functional security testing of web applications. Our method helps to overcome the current prevalent focus on functional instead of non-functional (or ne...
The second main part of applied logic concerns the uses of logic and logical methods in different fields outside logic itself. The most general applications are those to the study of language. Logic has also been applied to the study of knowledge, norms, and time. The study of language The...
History of PLCs Initially, early PLCs couldn’t graphically represent logic, so they usedBooleanalgebra to depict logical expressions. As programming terminals evolved, ladder logic became more common because it was a familiar format used for electromechanical control panels. More modern formats, such...
including lifting and independence lemmas)These rather hard theoretical results are accompanied with several examples and SLD-trees And if one decides to give a course on logic programming,Chapters I and II seem ”to be suitable for putting the student in the“right logical mood”I doubt whether...
EJB reference name is the logical name you use in your source code for a JNDI lookup of the home interface of the referenced bean. This name also apperas as the value of the ejb-ref-name element within the ejb-ref element in the deployment decriptor of the referencing component. ...
natural language processing application,natural language processor- an application program that deals with natural language text job- (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit word processing system,word processor- an application that provides...
and processing capabilities. They're bits of code that allow a computer to understand and compare items. VBA can analyze whether the user's name is "Jo." The program can analyze the input and perform a logical evaluation using logical operators such as "if, then", "true", and "false."...