We measure the apparent brightness of celestial bodies in magnitude. The brighter a planet shines, the lower the magnitude value. Negative numbers indicate that the planet is very easy to spot in the night sky, even with ambient light. The planets also have phases, like the Moon, but these...
Thus, the uncertainty of an individual position datum depends significantly on the magnitude of the charge that generated it. In most instances, the electronics used for position evaluation will have a limited dynamic range. It is often difficult to set the gain of the detector so that all ...
Instead, we loosely define the path length as the distance required for the average electromagnetic intensity to decay to e−1 of its original magnitude when (repeatedly) propagating through the sample, meaning the value at which \(\bar{A}(\Omega )=1\) (assuming Arrhenius-type isotropic ...
The XXIXth IAU General Assembly in Honolulu adopted IAU 2015 Resolution B2 on recommended zero points for the absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude sc... EE Mamajek,G Torres,A Prsa,... - 《Physics》 被引量: 4发表: 2015年 The jets of quasar 1928+738 - Superluminal motion and large...
Although there is no direct cycling of a particular substrate, H+ ions are pumped to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and then diffuse back to the matrix in a futile, heat-dissipating fashion (Figure 1E). Given the large magnitude of heat generation, UCP1-mediated uncoupling is ...
Modulation of perceived contrast by a moving surround Multiresolution wavelet framework models brightness induction effects The perceived contrast of texture patches embedded in natural images. The magnitude of center-surround facilitation in the discrimination of amplitude spectrum is dependent on the amplitu...
Those show a strong dependence on voltage and illumination intensity, because charge-carrier densities change by orders of magnitude upon varying these parameters in a solar cell. Examining the logarithmic plots of the JV curves (forward scan) for the negative-capacitance device from Fig. 5a in ...
the luminosity function of the sampled objects depends on the local environment) and an evolution of the specific characteristics (e.g. mean abso- lute magnitude, shape) of the luminosity function. Selection effects in observation enter the statistical model as a filter response function (...
Furthermore, in the particular case of vegetation, the SIF emission (F in the formulation for brevity) can be included in Equation (3) as an additional source of energy. Since SIF is orders of magnitude lower than the TOA radiance reaching the sensor, it can be physically considered as a...
However, traditional singly truncated maximum likelihood estimation in seismology only considers the minimum magnitude, while the acquisition device in rock acoustic emission tests will set the threshold value and maximum value of the amplitude; therefore, maximum likelihood estimation will estimate the b ...