Apoptosis (self-killing) is the best-described form of programmed cell death, but autophagy (self-eating), which is a lysosomal degradation pathway essential for homeostasis, reportedly contributes to cell death as well. Unlike mitotic cells, postmitotic cells like neurons or cardiomyocytes cannot ...
Autophagy is reported to be so powerful and ubiquitous that it is likely the most impressive weapon in the cell's anti-death arsenal [22]. Almost paradoxically, autophagy is also well known as type II PCD that may be described as a type of caspase independent cell death that is associated...
The phenomenon of programmed cell-death, which is more commonly known as apoptosis, was first described by C Vogt in 1842. Apoptosis, the term was proposed by Kerr and colleagues in 1972, is an active process of cellular self-destruction with distinctive morphological and biochemical features . ...
Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization (MMP) is clearly a pivotal event in the progression of apoptosis in many systems (See Assays for Mitochondria Function). At least two mechanisms of MMP have been described. First mechanism proposes that VDA...
1A). TNFR activation by its ligand TNF is one of the most widely studied and best described signaling cascades. TNF-induced complex 1 operates as a molecular platform in regulating caspase 8 (CASP 8) activity and downstream functions. Other proteins usually found associating in complex 1 ar...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Apoptosis and necrosis caused by the interaction between the host and the pathogen, as well as the host’s inflammatory response, play an important role in the pathogenesis of TB. Dual-specificity phospha...
Cells growth/viability was tested using MTT assay as described previously58. Briefly, the cells were seeded into 96-well plates and cultured for an appropriate time with or without the tested compounds before the MTT assay. The absorbance was measured at 570 nm with a reference wavelength of...
Inactivated Sendai virus was prepared as described previously[20]. Briefly, Sendai virus was inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. Three days later, the allantoic fluid was harvested and the titer of recovered virus was expressed as hemagglutination unit. An...
The mitochondrial protein IF1 binds to the catalytic domain of the ATP synthase and inhibits ATP hydrolysis in ischemic tissues. Moreover, IF1 is overexpressed in many tumors and has been shown to act as a pro-oncogenic protein, although its mechanism of
Furthermore, the newly emerging imaging modalities for in vivo detection of programmed cell death, such as MRI, MRS, optical, bioluminescent and ultrasound imaging, are briefly described. Finally, some future perspectives are presented with the aim of promoting the development of potential new ...