虽然参考文献的条目比较多,但这些条目通常都是由以下四个部分构成: Author:引用作品的作者 Date:作品何时发表 Title:作品的标题 Source:作品的来源 单个作者 在Reference中,作者的名字通常是倒置的,即以姓氏(last name)开头,后面跟上逗号和首字母,用句号和空格隔开。 诸如"Van "或 "De "之类的词缀,应视为姓氏的...
When writing academic papers or conducting research, it is essential to accurately reference sources to avoid plagiarism and give credit where it's due. However, when referencing a PDF without an author in APA format, it can be challenging to know the correct way to do so. Understanding the ...
When a work has three, four, or five authors,cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after “al”) and the year if it is the first citation of the...
When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said “I think it’s the reinforcement” (Pauling, 2004, p. 69). 文末参考文献列举(Reference List) 在参考文献部分,APA格式规定部分的人名必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,包括名(first name)的前缀。 单一作者著作的书籍: S...
Only the first author’s surname should be stated followed by et al, see the above example. 只有第一作者的姓氏被列出,后跟et al。 No Authors(作者不详): If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the title of the source. ...
When specific authors are named on the webpage, list them as the author in the reference. The name of the overall website should be written in the source element of the reference. If no individual authors are named, and the website belongs to an organisation, use the organisation name. ...
When referencing sources in APA format, the following guidelines should be followed for English-language references: 1. Books: AuthorLastName, AuthorInitials. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher. 2. Journal Articles: AuthorLastName, AuthorInitials. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the...
. . (NAPA, 2006) NO AUTHOR Reference list When a work has no identifiable author, move the title of the work to the author position and follow with the date of publication. HIV/AIDs resources: A nationwide directory (10th ed.). (2004). Guides for Living. Only use “Anonymous” in ...
其规范格式主要包括文内文献引用(Reference Citations in Text)和文末参考文献列举(Reference List)两大部分。APA格式强调出版物的年代(Time of the Publication Year)而不大注重原文作者的姓名。引文时常将出版年代置于作者缩写的名( the Initial of Author’s First Name)之前。