One of the main reasons why writing numbers is complicated is that consistently applying the rules may lead to a text that actually seems very inconsistent. Consider the following paragraphs: Examples: At about the age of seven, the girl’s height was 1.47 m. This placed her in the fifth ...
APA uses the author-date method—use the author´s last name, a comma, and the publication date for in-text citations.Direct quotes, unlike paraphrases or summaries, also require page numbers, which are preceded by “p.” for a single page and “pp.” for a page range. See examples...
Always include the page number for direct quotes, if one is available. Whenformatting APA page numbersfor an in-text citation, include p. before the number. Use pp. for a page range. To create a narrative APA in-text citation, include the author’s last name in the sentence like this:...
Volume numbers are italicised but issue numbers are not. Capitalisation in APA style is very specific. For references, the following general rules apply: Book titles - capitalise the first letter of the first word of the title, and the first letter of the first word after a colon. e.g. ...
volume numbers and even the mas following the journal title as well as the volume. Do not italicize issue numbers. References cited in text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal munications and secondary sources which are ...
a citation. This citation typically consists of the author’s name, year of publication, and page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Another option is to use the author’s name in the sentence, followed directly by the year in parentheses, with the page numbers in ...
in-text citations. Chicago’s parenthetical citations also use an author-date style just like APA citations; however, there is no comma between the author and year (although there is a comma between the year and the location). Chicago citations do not use abbreviations for page numbers. ...
However, Chicago’s author-date format follows a couple of different rules. First, no abbreviations are needed for words likepages. Second, commas are used only to separate the year from page numbers butnotto separate the author from the year. ...
Paraphrasingmeans putting information from a source into your own words. In-text citations are just as important here as with quotes, to avoid the impression you’re taking credit for someone else’s ideas. Include page numbers where possible, to show where the information can be found. ...
3. Journal articles (a) Article in a journal (print) (b) Article in an electronic journal (Internet) (c) Article with the DOI (b) In-text When citing parts of a source, use page numbers only for direct quotations and when the paraphrase is crucial to the reader. (a) In-text Reid...