The AO Foundation is a non-profit organization that aims to improve the care of patients with trauma and musculoskeletal disorders. It is composed of four clinical divisions: AO Trauma, AO Spine, AO CMF, and AO VET, as w...
Objective. To launch a new comprehensive trauma fracture classification for all subunits of the entire craniomaxillofacial (CMF) skeleton into general application and testing of practical suitability. Methods. Description of the methodological background of the validation process and the basic conception ...
The working group on osteosynthesis questions (AO) craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma classification for adults is based on a hierarchical algorithm that expands over three precision-levels of increasing complexity and depth of detail in the outline of fracture definitions. In level 1 fractures of the ...
OrbitAnatomic landmarksThe working group on osteosynthesis questions (AO) craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma classification for adults is based on a hierarchical algorithm that expands over three precision-levels of increasing complexity and depth of detail in the outline of fracture definitions. In ...
The midface level 2 of the AO-CMF trauma classification for adults enables the location of fractures to be recorded within defined subregions of the central and lateral midface. Fractures within the orbital framework as well as the internal orbit or orbital walls as well as the orbital apex ...
For advanced precision individual patient features, namely the pre-injury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy in edentulism can be recorded along with tooth injuries, periodontal trauma and fracture involvement of the alveolar process. The morphological properties, such as fragmentation, are...
The working group on osteosynthesis questions (AO) craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma classification distinguishes nine anatomic subregions in the diagnostics of mandibular fractures. The diagnostic capabilities of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in terms of classification criteria in non-condylar (...
A question-adapted acquisition technique as well as a correct and accurate interpretation of imaging studies are essential for the correct use of the new AO-CMF classification. This classification is based on imaging for an accurate documentation and description of the various fractures. Computed ...