social factors such as self-medication, use of antimicrobials without a prescription, inadequate infection and disease prevention and control in healthcare facilities and on farms, poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics; lack of awareness, lack of AMR policies and monito...
France) and incubated at 35 °C (± 1 °C) for 18 h (± 2 h) under aerobic conditions. Next, the material was plated on MacConkey agar medium (OXOID, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) and incubated for 24 ± 2 h under aerobic conditions at 37 °C ± 1 °C. Colonies wit...
Examples are the mass medication of animals with critically important antimicrobials for humans, such as third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, and the long term, in-feed use of antimicrobials, such colistin, tetracyclines and macrolides, for growth promotion. In people it is essential ...
In the event that a bacterium is unable to proliferate due to the presence of an antibiotic, it may undergo genetic modifications that render it immune to the medication, thus allowing it to survive [27]. This phenomenon, which can be described as antibiotic resistance, represents the natural ...
For instance, it is very relevant to note that this is a unique country that never permitted the application of fluoroquinolones and gentamicin in food-producing animals [67]. In addition, the usage of third-generation cephalosporins for mass medication is very restricted, and fourth-generation ...
Moreover, for some animals (poultry and fish) this mass medication is the only feasible means of treatment [9]. This metaphylactic use results in the frequent exposition of entire groups of animals, healthy and diseased, to antimicrobial agents [10]. Prophylactic antimicrobial treatments are ...
Similarly, oral isotretinoin, which is a highly effective medication for acne, usually causes dry skin, cheilitis, and photosensitivity [2]. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is a very important disadvantage of these products. The development of resistance to antimicrobial agents used in the ...
Human health antimicrobial use has been overshadowed for years by farm animal mass medication, although this tendency has recently changed in some parts of the world [1]. While the appearance and advance of AMR and, as an underlying cause, the enrichment and transmission of antimicrobial ...
The emergence of multidrug-resistant foodborne bacterial pathogens in humans is mainly attributed to the frequent misuse and overuse of antibiotics for prophylaxis and growth promotion in the poultry industry. Additionally, the abuse of antimicrobial agents and self-medication by human beings may be con...
Eventually, alone or in combination with other therapies, the use of this LE could contribute to preventing flares and reduce the need for rescue medication [4]. This study has some limitations that should be pointed out. First, our data show a positive impact of the sphingomyelin-rich LE...