With one electron introduced with each pz orbital, the lower molecular orbital (MO) will be doubly occupied (highest occupied molecular orbital, HOMO), while the upper antibonding molecular orbital is unoccupied (LUMO, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). As the chain is extended to grea...
When s-0rbitals overlap with each other (or hybrid orbitals with s-character, such as sp3, sp2, and sp),sigma( σ) molecular orbitals are formed. This is “end-on” overlap. The bonding in hydrogen (H2) is a perfect example. The number of orbitals is never changed by bonding.The n...
Bonding molecular orbitals are a type of molecular orbitals that are involved in the formation of a chemical bond. These orbitals are formed due to the overlapping of two atomic orbitals of two different atoms. This overlapping results in mixing of two atomic orbitals, forming the molecular orbita...