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Synthesized by chemist Alfred Bertheim in the laboratories of Paul Ehrlich and approved in 1910 as a drug,18 the story of Salvarsan began when the immunologist Ehrlich was introduced to cell staining by his cousin Carl Weigert, who demonstrated that aniline dyes can be used for this purpose ...
which has made common infections difficult to treat in recent years [2]. Antibiotic use can also have off-target effects, meaning that the concentrations at which antibiotics are
This resistance can be overcome by co-administration of a β-lactamase inhibitor that provides the first clinical example of a 'resistance- breaker' strategy. The first β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid,282–284 was isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus and is still used today as a ...
After tuning, we found that the GNN was the highest performing model for both inhibition and killing tasks, significantly outperforming all models apart from the inhibition- predicting SVM (Figure 2A). Given the strong performance of the GNN in our model evaluations, we deployed this...
Immobilizatio nofFractures –Softtissue damage •SterileDressing –contamination, desiccation •Debridement –excisedevitalized tissue •Irrigation –highpressure, solution EarlyWound Care 1 0 •Finiteperiodoftimeinwhich infectioncanbeprevented. –Miles,Burke. •Howearly,nothowlong. –Fullen,etal...
Flow cytometry is a tool that can quickly and accurately analyze individual microbial cells, even if they cannot be cultivated in the laboratory. Flow cytometry allows the analysis of various chemical and physical phenotypes such as cellular type, viability, and gene expression using fluorescent marker...
Antibiotics
For a given day, if a given antibiotic was used, exposure to that antibiotic was coded 1 and otherwise coded zero. Next, we applied a decaying average function to the antibiotic history of each sample—a time series of 0s and 1s for each antibiotic class—to achieve a single numerical ...
difficile is a spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobe that can overgrow beneficial and commensal gastrointestinal bacteria, secreting toxins that lead to severe diarrhea, inflammation of the colon, fever, intestinal paralysis and sepsis, which can be lethal.42 C. difficile-associated diarrhea has become...