Considerable differences in the abundances of ARGs in livestock waste amongst livestock types have been observed, which may be due to varying antibiotic usage and dosing patterns. Generally, swine and chicken waste show higher ARG abundances than cow and fish waste (Fig.2), with absolute abundance...
Antibiotic use whether for therapy or prevention of bacterial diseases, or as performance enhancers will result in antibiotic resistant micro-organisms, not only among pathogens but also among bacteria of the endogenous microflora of animals. The extent to which antibiotic use in animals will contribute...
For instance, Tawfik et al. [225] reported a reduction in the transformation of chicken manure to biomethane when the concentrations of antibiotics, including tylosin and oxytetracycline, are over 10 mg/L & 167 mg/L, respectively, in the manure. The formation of acetate and propionate are ...
It is suitable for the respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by various sensitive bacteria, especially for the prevention and treatment of early death of chicken fry caused by Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, etc....
Bacteriophages (phages) may be used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the last decades, there have been studies concerning the use of phages and antibiotics separately or in combin
For instance, in cases of chronic wound infections where Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to methicillin (MRSA), phage treatment has been effectively applied to clear the infection, often after all alternative forms of therapy had been tried and failed [74]. Similarly, phages targeting Pseudomonas...
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Bacitracin is used for topical treatment of localized skin lesions, eye infections, and also for the prevention of wound infections. Additionally, its application in chicken feed has been approved by the US Food and Drug Admin- istration, which could be greatly contributing to bacterial antibiotic...
Klebsiella pneumoniae Human,cow,cat, horse,dog chicken, pig, rabbit Extracellular Pneumonia, thrombophlebitis, urinary tract infection, cholecystitis, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, wound infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteraemia, sepsis Aminoglycosides aacA4, aac3, aacC2, aadA1, ...
The environmental microbial antioxidant tetracycline plasmids TetA, D, and M can also be transferred horizontally to chicken, pig, and intestinal bacteria [36]. It indicates that tetrandrine has great potential for harm the environment. 3.3.1.2. Antibiotic resistance genes related to aminoglycoside The...