They have been silenced, they’ve had their essential First Amendment rights of Free Speech and Expression violated, they’ve been targeted by the IRS, Homeland Security, and the Justice Department, they’ve been stigmatized, they’ve been slandered and even tarnished by libelous verbiage, they’...
and Bill and his family can be stigmatized and then ostracized by many of their neighbors if he ever steps outside the line to which everyone else in the town faithfully sticks
Conclusion Based on the data presented here, R can be considered a stigmatized feature of Puerto Rican Spanish only if the definition of stigmatization is limited to an awareness that a linguistic feature is nonstandard or incorrect. Participants' claims, made in response to direct, orally-posed ...