Over the past few decades, animal testing has been fiercely debated due to the ethical problems inherent in this area of science. This essay will look at both sides of the debate, before concluding that animal testing should be banned. The people who believe that animal testing is necessary t...
Balls M. The replacement of animal testing: ethical issues and practical realities. Int J Cosmet Sci. 1991; 13: 23. This article on PubMedBalls M. The replacement of animal testing: ethical issues and practical realities. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 1991; 13(1): 23-28....
The 3Rs principle is openly invoked in Article 4 of the directive, where it lays down the obligation of member states to ensure that “wherever possible, a scientifically satisfactory method or testing strategy, not entailing the use of live animals, shall be used instead of a procedure” (re...
Over the past few decades, animal testing has been fiercely debated due to the ethical problems inherent in this area of science. This essay will explain why it cannot be justified and that alternatives need to be sought. The people who believe that animal testing is necessary tend to say th...
The social and moral rules and concepts that govern how laboratory animals and animal testing are referred to as laboratory animal ethics. Given this context, the concept of animal ethics no longer exists only for scientists but should also be introduced to a wider audience, such as university ...
Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research 英文参考文献.doc,Overview EthicalandScientificConsiderationsRegardingAnimal TestingandResearch HopeR.Ferdowsian1,2*,NancyBeck1 1Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Was
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The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) is a component of the National Academies of Science with the mission to “evaluate and disseminate information on issues related to the scientific, technologic, and ethical use of animals and related biologic resources in research, testing, and edu...
Human subjects have been harmed in the clinical testing of drugs that were deemed safe by animal studies. Increasingly, investigators are questioning the scientific merit of animal research. This review discusses issues in using animals to predict human toxicity in pharmaceutical development. Part 1 ...
Therefore, we need to have a somewhat integrated planning so that we can exploit the maximum of the academic community there and then the research idea that can be developed from biomedical field can easily be translated into human or animal testing…” (A10, clinical trial researcher). ...